Unit+Two

Chapter Seven Preview and Data Collection
Headings Preview:
 * rise in educational insitutions: expanding oppurtunities to Indians thus including advancements in the sciences and medical cares
 * establishment of America-- a diverse culture with various differing religions, the second great awakening; questioning of differnt relgious practices and beliefs
 * industrialism arises: advances in new technologies : cotton gin (the impact of this on the socities) transportation advancements oversea shipping on boat, steamboat, the establishment of a tunrpike
 * rise in urbanization city life

Marbury vs. Madisonne: Summary Notes & Background

 * lame-duck: someone whos is transitioning from a position of power to someone not in power
 * Adams is president but then looses the election of 1800; John Marshall was in charge of all the paper for for the commission however did not finish his job; James Madison tells Jefferson about the mis-connection in paper work; puts republican in place of federalist and insists that he will not finish what was supposed to be Marshalls job; Marbury sues Madison for the commision/paperwork; Marbury wants his job so he sues Madison because he failed to complete his job before his time in office runs out
 * The case is passed on to the Supreme Court; Marshall the pass Secretary of state becomes supreme court justice and is involved in ruling in a case he had played a large roll in ; Supreme court rules that Madison shoudl give him the commission but they do not have the authority to force him to
 * The ruling in the case evokes this reoccuing idea that the supreme court was going against previous legislation; this law outlined the way the Supreme court ruled up untill today; they had too much power at the time this made them realize that the judiciary act needed to be significantly changed: did not have authority concerning commision only to check it not make laws:

The Jeffersonian Era
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Constitution Project
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=Key Aspects of Jacksonian America=
 * **Jacksonian Democracy**: followed the era of Jeffersonian democracy in that his policies;movement for more democracy in America in the 1830s; revolved around greater rights for the common man and opposed aristocracy in the nations governmnet
 * **National Bank of the United Sates**: ressembled the first bank of the united states but with branches throughout the nation-- highly debated
 * **More Rights/Equality(political and economical):**expanison of voting rights; for example the abolishment of training and licensing requirements in the work field; this is //democroization//
 * **Indian Removal Act**: the removal of the indians westward to open up the land oppurtunity for white settlers
 * **The Taney Court vs. the Marshall court**-- different political opinions; marshall court favored national intrest, Taney court made laws/judge cases that attempted to decentralize power
 * **The development of the Whigs**: a major political party during the era that opposed the democratic party
 * **The Spoils system**: practice where political party after winning an elections works together in order to provide jobs for those who helped the party win its leadership position in the nation
 * //On a mission to be anti-aleadist; wanted to reduce the aristocratic feel in America--//

=Capitalism in America=
 * Capitalism: an economic system in which producition/bussiness operations are privately owned ; prices, products, ect. are choosen by the private business owner as opposed to the central government
 * private ownership of the means of production, creation of goods or services for profit in a market, and prices and wages are elements of capitalism
 * free opurtunity at financial success in the business industry;equal oppurtunity to all to achieve the same ammount of success and wealth
 * there is no real,pure exsistence of Capitalism in America or any other nation at that because its is only to an extent-- it is oftened judge by outsider on the basis that it is not actual equal and its is an unfair business practice because it develops a area where there is no in between there is the wealthy and the poor
 * economic system based on capital: money and property with value-- individuals and privately owned companies contrl the capital they control the means of produciton which is the goods needed to make thingse
 * system based on competition and also on cooperation-- businesses in different industries: factories that make things and stores that sell them
 * businesses are trying to maximize their profits and their market share( how much of the industry they control)
 * companies in the same industries dont cooperate but companies in different industry will
 * AMERICA DOES NOT PRACTICE PURE CAPITALISM ... in America the government is involved in the economy.
 * government monitors/regulates the private business industry by setting rules and regulations.
 * Example: monopolies are illegal


 * **Laissez Faire**- a economic environment in which private business transactions are privately operated and free from state intervention that is based on the following :restrictive regulations,taxes, and tarrifs and enforced monopoles
 * "let do" or hands off, leave alone- the government intervenes in the economy as little as possible
 * **Invisible Hand**- the "invisible hand of the market" a term used by economist that refers to the markets self regulating nature; it was first established by Adam Smith; Smith believed that the invisible hand was created by the forces of self interest, competition, and the laws supply and demand; this was the justification for the economic philosophy "laissez faire"

=Elements/Entities/Actors of the American Capitalist Economy:= In America- what does the government do in the economy? So, the American economic system is not pure, laissez faire capitalism. America has a "semi-visiible" hand. The American economy is called a mixed economy, containing elements of free market capitalism and elements of socialism- such as the govt. programs like welfare, social security, etc- some call it Welfare Capitalism
 * Regulates(oversees and makes rules for) Businesses and industries
 * taxes
 * creates jobs- govt. workers, public employess (firefighters, teachers, ect.)
 * funds schools, infastructure,(parks, roads, etc.)
 * Controls/monitors currency
 * Welfare programs- food stamps, subsidized housing, free and reduced lunch programs, unemployment benefits, medicar( health for old people), medicaid( health for poor people), social security(govt. run retiredment funding)
 * ====private businesses====
 * ====consumers====
 * ====the government====
 * ====investors- stock holders, venture capitalist====
 * ====workers/unions====
 * ====banks====
 * ====schools====

**Economy:** a system of production,distribution, and consumption within a national government that is concerned with all commerical transaction and the welfare of the state as a whole
I believe that Capitalism is a good form of governance, typically in America, although we are not purely Capitalist, because it works. Capitalism is a fair, just form of governing that allows everyone the same chance to fail or succeed financially while it ultimately balences out the economy as a whole. Capitalism encourages the public to work hard for the things they aspire to be, this promotes an overalll more succesful America. Alot of individuals opposed Capitalism because they deem it to be unfair or unjust however many of those people are those who did not try hard enough or at all to make a living for themselves therefore they were left to nothing; thus in the end it is ones own fault because everyone is posed with the same, equal oppurtunity. Many people favor communism as opposed to Capitalism, however, especially in a nation like America, such a system would never withstand our government. Communism allows doctors to earn the same wages as jainitors, it promotes laziness, and discourages the economoy as a whole putting the state before its people-- this would never last in an American society, and eventually, I believe, the communist system will perish globally as a whole. Capitalism is no longer a matter of what people like and dont like, its a matter that it exsists, and the places in which it does exsists, it works.
 * a system by which a group of people produces, organizes, and exchanges its goods, labor, money, and other resources.
 * Opinions about Capitalism?**
 * No pure capitalism